Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi ajustar modelos de volume e crescimento e analisar os incrementos de clones e material seminal de Teca aos seis anos influenciados por quebra de copa. Foram medidos o diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) e a altura comercial (hc) e total (h) de árvores de teca em um experimento de blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos clonais e um seminal de Teca. Foram cubadas 10 árvores de cada tratamento e comparada as médias dos volumes, ajustando modelos de volume e crescimento (DAP, h e volume). O modelo de Schumacher-Hall foi escolhido para o clone 68 e para os demais tratamentos o de Prodan Modificado. O crescimento foi expresso pelo modelo de Moissev para DAP e volume e Backman para altura. O ICA e IMA para DAP e h são afetados negativamente por danos na copa e os clones tiveram os maiores ganhos em produtividade, destacando o clone 61.

Abstract In this study, the main important plants collected by the stingless bee Trigona fulviventris were determined in a secondary dry forest fragment in Pocosol, Guanacaste during the rainy season. A total of 26 pollen types were obtained by collecting individuals of Trigona fulviventris these corresponded mainly representative species of herbs and shrubs. In addition, although there was unusual phenology through the year of the study, a collection of plants was carried out in order to covering the most important species according within the flight range of this species (300-500 m). For the palinological analysis a combination of methods were used and the results showed a convergence of 27% of coincidence when comparing both pollen collected by the bees and plant sources. In addition, the presence of the most representative species at the time of study at the site (Baltimora recta and Dorstenia contrajerva) was determined using ecological indexes. Moreover it was able to demonstrate a generalist behavior of T. fulviventris regarding the search for limited nutritional. The aim of the study was to adjust volume and growth models and analyze the increments of six years old teak clones and seminal material influenced by canopy breakage. Diameter at breast height (DBH), commercial (hc) and total height (h) were measured in a randomized block experiment in with five treatments using clonal and seminal teak material. Ten trees from each treatment were cubed and the mean volumes were compared models (DBH, h and volume). Schumacher-Hall model was chosen for clone 68 and the Modified Prodan model for the other treatments. DBH and volume were expressed by the Moissev model and height by the Backman model. DBH and h CAI and MAI are negatively affected by canopy damage and clones had the greatest gains in productivity, especially the clone 61.

Abstract The objectives of this research were to verify the relationships between the dendrometric and edaphic variables with the yield of oleoresin from Copaifera spp., and to adjust equations to predict yield from a primary forest. Thirty Copaifera spp. trees were selected to extract oleoresins over 24 hours, using a 1.91 cm (¾ inch) auger. In addition, data were collected on tree size and the edaphic characteristics of the topsoil around of each tree. Principal components analysis was used to verify the relationships between variables and a regression analysis was used to verify variables that may be best to predict oleoresin yield. After the principal components analysis, the only variable related to the oleoresin yield was the stem height, which had the best adjusted coefficient of determination (0.84) and relative standard error (13.11%). We found the yield of oleoresin from Copaifera spp. in primary a forest had a significant and positive correlation with the stem height, whereas no significant correlations were found between yield, or any other dendrometric or topsoil variables studied.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre las variables dendrométricas y del suelo con el rendimiento de aceite de Copaifera spp. y ajustar una ecuación para predecir la productividad en bosque primario. En el área de la investigación, 30 árboles de Copaifera spp. fueron seleccionados como muestras para la extracción del aceite por un período de 24 horas, con el uso de la barrena con 1,91 cm (3/4"). Además, fueron colectadas informaciones sobre el tamaño de los árboles y las características del suelo superficial en los alrededores de cada árbol. Se aplicó el análisis de componentes principales para verificar la relación de las variables con el rendimiento de aceite y, posteriormente, fue ajustada una ecuación para predecir este rendimiento mediante análisis de regresión. La única variable relacionada con el rendimiento de aceite fue la altura del fuste, y fue selecionada como el modelo que presentó mejor coeficiente de determinácion (0,84) y error típico de estimación (13,11%). Por lo tanto, se concluyó que el rendimiento del aceite de Copaifera spp. en bosque primario tiene una correlación positiva y significativa con la altura del fuste, mientras que las otras variables dendrométricas y del suelo superficial no presentaron correlación significativa con el rendimiento de aceite.

RESUMO O Cerrado ocupa cerca de 24% do território brasileiro e é caracterizado pela presença de um estrato arbóreo e outro arbustivo, formados praticamente por árvores de porte médio e tortuosas, além de gramíneas. A quantidade de biomassa presente no bioma ainda é pouco conhecida, principalmente devido às suas diferenças fitofisionômicas. O interesse pela quantificação da biomassa vem crescendo junto com o interesse pelo aquecimento global, devido à armazenagem do carbono nas diferentes frações dos vegetais. No Cerrado, estes estudos são particularmente importantes devido a aproximadamente 50% de seu território já ter sido convertido para outros usos do solo, principalmente agricultura e pecuária. Neste sentido, foram abordados os principais fatores relativos à produção da biomassa vegetal, as características das principais fitofisionomias e os estoques e padrões de distribuição da biomassa e carbono na vegetação, destacando, ainda, as estratégias que podem ser adotadas para sua conservação. Observou-se a carência de estudos dessa natureza, que podem ser associados com sensoriamento remoto e sistemas de informações geográficas para estimativas precisas de biomassa e armazenagem do carbono, com eficiência de custos e tempo. Além disso, políticas públicas devem ser incentivadas para maior conservação do bioma, tendo em vista o potencial econômico dos seus recursos naturais, com importância, principalmente, alimentar, medicinal e turística, sobretudo, para as populações tradicionais do Cerrado.

ABSTRACT Cerrado biome occupies about 24% of the Brazilian territory and it is characterized by the presence of an arboreal and shrub stratus, which is practically formed by medium height and tortuous trees, besides grass. The amount of biomass present in the biome is still little known, mainly due to its phytophysiognomic differences. The interest for the quantification of biomass has been growing along with the global warming interest, due to the storage of carbon in the different fractions of the plant. In Cerrado, these studies are particularly important because approximately 50% of their land has already been converted to another land use, mainly agriculture and livestock. In this sense, the main factors related to the production of the plant biomass were approached, the characteristics of the main phytophysiognomies, the stocks and the distribution patterns of the biomass and carbon in the vegetation, highlighting also the strategies that can be adopted for its conservation. The lack of studies of this nature was acknowledged, and it could be associated with the remote sensing and geographic information systems for estimating the biomass and carbon storage accuracy, with cost and time efficiency. In addition, public policies should be encouraged for the conservation of the biome, given the economic potential of its natural resources, especially as source of food, medicine and tourism, mainly for the traditional populations of Cerrado.

ABSTRACT Copaiba trees, of the genus Copaifera (Fabaceae), produce an oleoresin that has pharmacological applications. The yield from the trees is very variable, and factors affecting production are still unknown. We evaluated the yield of oleoresin from Copaifera spp. in the Cerrado- Amazonia ecotone, as well as its relationship with the growth and age of trees. We sampled 30 Copaifera trees by extracting oleoresin for 24 h with a metal borer. Increment cores were collected from 15 trees to determine their age by counting growth rings and to calculate the mean annual increment of the diameter at breast height. The cylinders were sanded and the number of growth rings was counting with a magnifying glass (10x). The ages of trees from which increment cores were not collected were estimated by simple regression analysis. The proportions of productive and non-productive trees were recorded. The best adjusted model for age estimation showed R²adjust. = 0.616 and Syx% = 4.42. The average productivity of oleoresin was 0.124 L per day, and 30% of the trees were productive. The proportion of productive trees increased with increasing diameter at breast height and age, but after a point, increasing diameter was associated with reduced productivity. The mean annual increment had an inverse relationship with diameter for the productivity of oleoresin. The results suggest that other factors could be triggering and controling the oleoresin production and not only the age.

O trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a capacidade produtiva local da teca em Monte Dourado, Estado do Pará, Brasil, por meio da análise de curvas de índice de sítio. Os dados foram obtidos pela análise de tronco de dez árvores dominantes de um povoamento com 26 anos de idade. Foram ajustados dez modelos de regressão e o critério de seleção obedeceu ao menor erro padrão da estimativa, ao maior coeficiente de determinação ajustado, à significância do teste F e dos coeficientes de regressão e à análise gráfica dos resíduos. As curvas de índice de sítio foram confeccionadas pelo método da curva-guia. O modelo de Spillman apresenta o melhor ajuste, por meio do qual foram geradas três curvas de índice de sítio de 16m a 24m na idade-índice de 26 anos. A região de Monte Dourado, PA, apresenta potencial produtivo para o desenvolvimento da teca.

The study aims to determine the local productive capacity of teak in Monte Dourado, Pará State, Brazil, with the analysis of site index curves. The data were obtained by stem analysis of ten dominant trees in a stand with 26 years of age. Were adjusted ten regression models and the criterion for selection followed the lowest standard error of estimate, the highest adjusted coefficient of determination, the significance of F test and of regression coefficients and graphical analysis of the residuals. The site index curves were built by the guide-curve method. The Spillman model present the best fit, by which were generated three curves of site index from 16m to 24m, at 26 years of index-age. The region of Monte Dourado - PA showed a productive potential for the development of teak.